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''Coprinellus micaceus'' is a common species of fungus in the family Psathyrellaceae with a cosmopolitan distribution. The fruit bodies of the saprobe typically grow in clusters on or near rotting hardwood tree stumps or underground tree roots. Depending on their stage of development, the tawny-brown mushroom caps may range in shape from oval to bell-shaped to convex, and reach diameters up to . The caps, marked with fine radial grooves that extend nearly to the center, rest atop whitish stems up to long. In young specimens, the entire cap surface is coated with a fine layer of reflective mica-like cells that provide the inspiration for both the mushroom's species name and the common names mica cap, shiny cap, and glistening inky cap. Although small and with thin flesh, the mushrooms are usually bountiful, as they typically grow in dense clusters. A few hours after collection, the gills will begin to slowly dissolve into a black, inky, spore-laden liquid—an enzymatic process called ''autodigestion'' or ''deliquescence''. The fruit bodies are edible before the gills blacken and dissolve, and cooking will stop the autodigestion process. The microscopic characteristics and cytogenetics of ''C. micaceus'' are well known, and it has been used frequently as a model organism to study cell division and meiosis in Basidiomycetes. Chemical analysis of the fruit bodies has revealed the presence of antibacterial and enzyme-inhibiting compounds. Formerly known as ''Coprinus micaceus'', the species was transferred to ''Coprinellus'' in 2001 as phylogenetic analyses provided the impetus for a reorganization of the many species formerly grouped together in the genus ''Coprinus''. Based on external appearance, ''C. micaceus'' is virtually indistinguishable from ''C. truncorum'', and it has been suggested that many reported collections of the former may be of the latter. == History and taxonomy == ''Coprinellus micaeus'' was illustrated in a woodcut by the 16th-century botanist Carolus Clusius in what is arguably the first published monograph on fungi, the 1601 ''Rariorum plantarum historia. Fungorum in Pannoniis observatorum brevis historia'' (History of rare plants. Brief history of fungi observed in Pannonia ()).〔 Clusius erroneously believed the species to be poisonous, and classified it as a genus of ''Fungi perniciales'' (harmful fungi). The species was first described scientifically by French botanist Jean Baptiste François Pierre Bulliard in 1786 as ''Agaricus micaceus'' in his work ''Herbier de la France''.〔 In 1801, Christian Hendrik Persoon grouped together all of the gilled fungi that auto-digested (''deliquesced'') during spore discharge into the section ''Coprinus'' of the genus ''Agaricus''.〔 Elias Magnus Fries later raised Persoon's section ''Coprinus'' to genus rank in his ''Epicrisis Systematis Mycologici'', and the species became known as ''Coprinus micaceus''.〔 It was the type species of subsection ''Exannulati'' in section ''Micacei'' of the genus ''Coprinus'', a grouping of related taxa with veils made of sphaerocysts (round swollen cells usually formed in clusters) exclusively or with thin-filamentous connective hyphae intermixed.〔 Molecular studies published in the 1990s〔〔 demonstrated that many of the coprinoid (''Coprinus''-like) mushrooms were in fact unrelated to each other. This culminated in a 2001 revision of the genus ''Coprinus'', which was split into four genera; ''C. micaeus'' was transferred to ''Coprinellus''.〔 Due partly to their ready availability and the ease with which they may be grown in the laboratory, ''C. micaceus'' and other coprinoid mushrooms were common subjects in cytological studies of the 19th and 20th centuries. The German botanist Johann Heinrich Friedrich Link reported his observations of the structure of the hymenium (the fertile spore-bearing surface) in 1809,〔 but misinterpreted what he had seen. Link thought that microscopic structures known today as basidia were ''thecae'', comparable in form to the asci of the Ascomycetes, and that each theca contained four series of spores. His inaccurate drawings of the hymenium of ''C. micaceus'' were copied in subsequent mycological publications by other authors, and it was not until microscopy had advanced that mycologists were able to determine the true nature of the basidia, when nearly three decades later in 1837 Joseph-Henri Léveillé and August Corda independently published correct descriptions of the structure of the hymenium.〔Buller, 1924, p. 331.〕 In 1924, A. H. Reginald Buller published a comprehensive description and analysis of the processes of spore production and release in the third volume of his ''Researches on Fungi''.〔Buller, 1924, pp. 328–56.〕 The specific epithet ''micaceus'' is derived from the Latin word ''mica'', for "crumb, grain of salt" and the suffix -''aceus'', "like, similar";〔 the modern application of "mica" to a very different substance comes from the influence of ''micare'', "glitter".〔 The mushroom is commonly known as the "shiny cap",〔 the "mica cap" or the "glistening inky cap", all in reference to the mealy particles found on the cap that glisten like mica.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Coprinellus micaceus」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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